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PHYSICAL REASONS FOR HARD DRIVE FAILURE

Hard drive crash or failure can be caused by many things that are indicative of a
physical problem with the disk.  A new hard drive can be just as prone to failure as
an older drive.  Physical hard drive failure can be caused by the following: 


SCORED OR SCRATCHED PLATTERS

The circular shaped platters inside the hard disk that contains all of the data on the
drive are susceptible to scratching or scoring caused by debris, dust, fingerprints,
or contact with other internal parts of the disk. 


ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE

The circuitry on the drive is vulnerable to electrostatic discharge.  This is why you
will find that hard disks are shipped in an anti-static bagl.  The user should always
ground themselves before handling a hard drive in order to prevent such discharge.


FRICTION OF INTERNAL PARTS

There can be friction of the internal parts of a hard disk.  This can cause scoring
of the platters or cause other parts to be misaligned. 



READ/WRITE ARM FAILURE

A failure in the read/write arm of the hard disk can cause a "clicking" noise.  It is
caused by the read/write heads on the arm trying to find the information needed. 
If the information is not found, the heads can crash onto the surface of the platter
causing data loss at that location and a need for a read/write arm replacement
at the very minimum.
 

HARD DISK MOTOR FAILURE

Sometimes the motor can fail in a hard drive.  It causes the drive to give out- the
platters stop spinning and the drive shuts down. 


PARTS DETERIORATION

Any of the physical components inside the hard disk can deteriorate causing
hard disk failure.


TEMPERATURE CHANGES

A hard drive is at risk for sudden temperature changes including overheating and
condensation.  A sudden change in temperature that causes condensation inside
the hard drive can cause the material on the platter to evaporate which causes
the read/write heads to stick to the platter and stop it from rotating.  Overheating
can also be an issue.  Overheating can cause the platters to expand- which makes
the read/write heads travel farther to read the data.  The expansion of platters can
cause friction which can lead to a head crash.


POWER SURGE

A power surge can at the minimum burn the circuitry on a hard drive and at the
maximum could destroy all of the data on a hard drive.  To protect against power
surges, connect your computer using a high quality power strip or UPS system. 
Of course to receive maximum protection against lightning strikes you should
unplug your system during such storms.


HEAD CRASH

A head crash is when the read/write heads crash onto the surface of the platters
instead of the parking zone.  A head crash can damage the surface of the platters
causing data loss.


WATER DAMAGED HARD DRIVE

A hard drive can suffer water damage as a result of flooding from storm surge or
water leaks.  Never apply power to a water damaged pc.  If you are able to remove
a water damaged hard drive from a system, do NOT power up the drive or attempt
to dry the drive with a hairdryer.  Doing this will cause the debris inside the drive
to stick to the surface of the platters or scratch the platters destroying the data. 
If the data on the drive is important, the drive should be placed in a container to
keep it damp while a data recovery company is contacted.


FIRE DAMAGED HARD DRIVE

Sometimes the intense heat from a fire can melt the platters which will destroy
all the data residing on the platters. In most cases however, fire damage to a drive
causes the electronic circuitry of the drive to be destroyed.  In this case, the
circuitry will need to be replaced in a clean room before the data can be retrieved.


DROPPED HARD DRIVE

Due to the portability of hard drives, there is an increase in the number of incidents
of drives being dropped while transported.  This can cause the interior components
to become damaged rendering the drive nonfunctional.
 




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